What causes this?

First we must start by knowing who are the tears. The tear has three different fractions, which are produced in different glands: The lacrimal glands secrete the aqueous fraction, which constitutes 99% of the total tear. The conjunctiva, which lines the white of the eye and the posterior wall of the eyelids, is composed of cells that produce mucin Calciform, which constitutes only 0.5% of total tear. And in his eyelids have meibomian thickness (which occur when they are sick and styes chalazia) that produce fat in minute quantities. Each of these components are arranged as follows:

I. Mucin extends over the surface of the cornea, being the most posterior layer of the tear.

II. The aqueous tear mucin is placed on forming the middle layer.

III. The tear fat spreads as a thin film on the water, forming the outer layer.

The corneal surface is hydrophobic, ie, rejects the tear, as well as an area of fat repels water. The lid extends the mucin on the corneal surface and makes it hydrophilic, ie accepting the tear. On this surface mucin, which is renewed each blink, the tear extends watery, which is what kept moist and lubricates the ocular surface flicker. About the aqueous layer extends the lipid layer, as an oil slick spreads over the water. This prevents the water to evaporate easily tear and also facilitate the spread of water on the mucin layer.

A fourth type of dry eye, dry eye epiteliopático, which abound but the three factions tear, ill epithelium of the cornea, outer coat of the same, can not be spread by the mucin, thus rejecting the three components lacrimal . Some authors classify a fifth group of dry eye, dry eye for incongruity eyelid / eye, ie the eye where the eyelid deformities or paralysis suffers, and therefore not properly applied on the ocular surface, and therefore although production of the three components is normal lacrimal, eyelid, not extending over the eye.

What causes it?

As missing, tears, aqueous or oily mucin talking about dry eye acuodeficiente, mucodeficiency and lipodeficiency.

The cause may be one or more together, producing the dysfunction or destruction of several glands that produce tears. Less common causes of dry eye would be the corneal epithelial lesions, or eyelid abnormalities, deformities and paralysis. The most common is dry eye senile involution. As age increases a person, the eye produces fewer tears. Postmenopausal women suffer from dry eye far more often than boys their own age. During pregnancy or when taking birth control is also more common dry eye. Dry eye of postmenopausal accompanied by other droughts, affecting the lining of the nose, mouth and vagina, as this syndrome is known as type I. Sjögren More often than Sjögren’s syndrome is associated with systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus erythematosus, and this association is called Sjogren’s syndrome type II.

There are many drugs that when taken for reasons extraocular do secrete fewer tears and saliva. These include anxiety (Valium), antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihistamines, anticholinergics (Buscopan, papaverine), antihypertensives, antiparkinsonian agents, diuretics, etc. If you stop taking the medication, is slowly recovering normal tear secretion. The marginal blepharitis, ie inflammation of the edge of the eyelids, is another common cause of dry eye. When the lid margins are inflamed, there is an abnormal or deficient secretion fat that protects the tear film evaporation, so the aqueous tear evaporates more value, and that contains dissolved salts become more concentrated, damaging corneal and conjunctival epithelium.

Fractures of the bones can vary from a simple crack, barely noticeable, to a complete fracture with open wound. Typically, the victim will suffer severe pain in the fracture zone, and if it has occurred in a limb, unable to use it: if you have broken your leg can not walk at all and if you have broken arm can not do anything with it, however I wanted. It usually occurs a strong swelling at the site of the fracture and is often seen limb deformity. If there is no deformity but we suspect that the bone is broken, we can do a test consisting of push, against each other, both sides think the bone that has fractured. For example, if you suspect a fractured forearm, will take the injured arm by his wrist and pushed her to the elbow if it is broken, this pressure will produce pain, and if not there will be bearable.
…

Makeshift splint

The first thing to do when a bone is fractured is immobilized. Thus largely alleviated the pain and avoid the edges, sometimes sharp, bone broken, tears occur in blood vessels, nerves or other soft tissues like skin. If it’s a limb, improvise a splint with sticks, poles or any long object we find. A scarf or belt to hold them to serve both sides of the injured limb. A broken leg, if we find nothing but how to fix it, we can sell with the other leg, which will then fractured splint. The same can be done in case of broken bones of the hand or foot: sell the affected toe with their adjacent.

If the accused has a broken bone deformity, carefully straighten agree. This naturally produces sharp pain, but it must be done to prevent any nerve damage or circulatory.

When the edge of a bone hurts a major vein or artery can occur quickly serious bleeding, which can be appreciated in case of open fracture (with injury) or remain unnoticed if closed fracture (see “WOUNDS AND BLEEDING”).

Most fractures result from falls or falls, but stress fractures may occur, especially when great efforts are made or, in the lower extremities when carrying out long marches. In this case, may break the bones of the foot.

In chest trauma fractures may occur one or more ribs. The ribs are broken as it usually does a green branch, or who fail to separate the fractured edges. If it has and the number is small and broken ribs on one side (1-5), the victim’s chest pain present at the fracture site, but you can not breathe while make a substantial effort. This pain is typically more pronounced the day after the accident. However, if the number of broken ribs is greater and, above all, if you have fractured on both sides of the chest can produce what is called “paradoxical breathing, in which the breast, the affected, rather to expand on inspiration, sinks, moving backward into expiration. It is then to a serious situation requiring immediate medical treatment, as if the edges of the broken ribs are separated from each other: then the danger exists that these edges, breathing movements, tearing the pleura and lung , resulting in a pneumothorax, a situation of extreme gravity of which the patient has great difficulty breathing.

In case of fractured skull, the accident can be conscious or unconscious. Either way, should be transferred immediately to a health center (see “Loss of sense”). It also requires hospital treatment that a person who has beaten his head and blood from the nose or ears, since you probably have seen a basilar skull fracture.

Provided that a severe trauma, such as a fall down a ravine, it is possible that there has been a fracture-dislocation in the spine. If the casualty is conscious, ask him to move all four extremities. If you are unable to do so, we suspect that this injury has occurred, in which case we move it all the time trying not to move your head relative to the trunk and the trunk is kept straight, like a table. Thus avoiding the dislocated vertebra cause further injury to the spinal cord. To carry out this operation takes several people (minimum 5), which should act all at once and always follow clear and precise instructions from any person who directs the maneuver. The same precautions we take in the event that the person does not have regained consciousness.

They can be synthesized by cells in the body and must be provided as such or as their precursors, ie as substances from which the agency itself can synthesize the active form.

Along with the minerals forming the group of micronutrients, nutrients found in small amounts in food and fulfilling their functions in tiny doses and do not contribute calories, can be used in low-calorie diets as dietary supplements without increasing the caloric value of these diets in any way.

However, it is a common belief that vitamins are fattening and many patients are reluctant to use even against doctor’s orders. I think this is related to the use that often have been given vitamin supplements and minerals that have been associated in our memory so not very clear: “… That grandfather who was so bad … until you prescribed those vitamins that made him gain weight.

Consider then the following: when a person is in a state of poor nutrition for various reasons, this will cause lack of appetite and enters into a dangerous track to your health. In these cases the vitamin and mineral supplements improve nutritional status, thus reconstitutes the lost appetite.

This effect since there is no appetite in patients with preserved or increased, as is the case of those who are about to do a diet to lose weight. Complete vitamin and mineral intake from the diet and allow them to transit their thinning in optimal conditions to be phased out over their maintenance plan.

We said then that vitamins are very important substances for health and good functioning of our body and are very potent to act in such small quantities, and adequate intake protects us from deficiency diseases.

They are 13 in total and by solubility are divided into soluble and water soluble. The fat-soluble as its name implies, are soluble in fat and are associated with the food, they are vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and K, are removed with difficulty and where do they do by feces.

The water-soluble or water-soluble are vitamin C, vitamin B1 thiamine, riboflavin B2, B6 pyridoxine B12 cobalamin, vitamin C, niacin, biotin, folic acid and pantothenic acid, the excess is easily eliminated in the urine.

Let us begin with A. It is a fat-soluble vitamin, is called retinol into its active form, by the effect it has on the normal functioning of the retina and is present in foods of animal origin such as liver, fatty fish, cod liver oil, meat, dairy foods as butter, cheese and cream (fat associated with your hand) and egg yolk.

Its chemical precursor beta-carotene, found in plant foods, green leafy vegetables, tomato, carrot, pumpkin, apricot, peach, melon, papaya. Retinol is absorbed by 80 or 90%, while beta-carotene do between 40 and 60%. Almost 90% of vitamin A is stored in the liver and the rest is done in lung, kidney and fat tissue.

Its main function is to intervene in the formation and maintenance of skin, mucous membranes, teeth and bones involved in the formation of enzymes and adrenal and sex hormones. It has antioxidant action by eliminating free radicals which stops cellular aging.

Its deficiency causes, first, night blindness or difficulty adapting to darkness, dry skin, eyes and lack of secretion of the mucous membranes.

Their excess causes alterations in growth, bone changes and detail of menstruation. Hypervitaminosis A can lead to inappropriate use of dietary supplements in doses higher than 200 milligrams of retinol in adults, so it is essential that the consumption of these supplements are made only under medical supervision. Avoid self-medication, take two multivitamins joint and repetition of previous prescriptions.

What is recommended to be cautious also with vitamins. Every 3 or 4 months to switch from one (the month in which their intake should be suspended).

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The hair treatments are aimed at providing effective solutions for our hair, whatever its nature, always looking healthy, clean and in perfect condition. To achieve this result is important to carry out the care with the right products and good quality.

Some treatments for hair, directed at ameliorating hair loss are among the most demanded especially for aesthetic reasons. One of the main reasons that alopecia is a vitamin deficiency, poor condition of the scalp or the hair follicle or weakness of the hair itself.

A hair that falls can be treated with hair treatments such as anti-falling shampoo, blisters level hairline, which will bring to our hair more vitality and strength to be born and grow up healthy. It also has a Tuparafarmacia.es hair treatment by mouth, Anacaps capsules that can be taken for 3 months, especially in times of fall such as the spring and fall.

All these hair treatments are combined. You can use a shampoo, apply a blister two or three times a week (depending on brand), and take a vitamin specifically for hair (for 2 or 3 months and rest another 2 months). With these additions you make to secure your hair the precise dose of vitality.

Other hair treatments are aimed at curbing the presence of dandruff. We have shampoos to treat dandruff, differentiating between a treatment for dry or oily dandruff dandruff. Dry dandruff follows easily from the head and leaves no dandruff scabs on the head, occurring in usually dry hair.

There is also oily dandruff for which other treatments should be applied to the hair. This leaves plaques on the scalp, appearing in hair and tended to be degrees. A good treatment of the scalp (hair base) is fundamental to good care and proper hygiene and health of our hair.

For the hair acids, several treatments available for hair shampoos as two types of household Ducray, Argeal shampoo for frequent use, Sabal, to regulate the production of fat in our hair and make less frequent the need for washing.

In addition to frequently used brands like La Roche Posay Ducray and shampoos designed to deal with sensitive scalp while your hair is clean and bright.

Select from different hair treatments to improve the health of your hair.

To make treatments to patients with this type of psychological pathologies, hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca features a new tool: a virtual reality program that allows the patient to evoke easily generate situations of trauma. This program is being tested experimentally and pioneer in child abuse.

The novelty of the therapies that made a month ago the team of Dr. Concha Lopez Soler is that patients face a giant screen on which travel by a joystick and you select the objects that “symbolize the trauma . Thus, battered individuals chose targets “that represent how they felt when they threw things,” rings “for the oppression they felt ‘or keys” because their biggest fear began when she heard her husband get “as Concha Lopez. This new technology contributes to more easily re-experience the disturbing event.

The next step in therapy, conducted by health professionals is to process and rework that experience so that they can “digest the trauma” in the graphic words of Dr. Lee.

Phobia of bugs

The system is “very versatile” and introduces a wide variety of elements to recreate the memories that distressed patients, says Dr. Lopez-Soler. Even someone with a phobia about bugs on the screen can see how “cockroaches are close to his hand.” In addition to the selected objects, the software allows you to modify environments to enhance the emotional state: “Thunderbolts to the drama, snow for sadness, anxiety or brambles rainbow hopeful for the future.

While it may “seem frivolous,” Lopez Soler argues that “it is appreciated very big improvement in patients’ with this technology and that” all we can do for these children, who have not chosen the situation suffered “is little, since “all have an obligation to make life easier.

1. Surgery (taking out the cancer)
2. Radiation therapy (using high-dose x-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells)
3. Hormone therapy (using hormones to stop cancer cell growth)
4. Chemotherapy (using drugs to kill cancer cells)
5. Biological therapy (using the body’s immune system to fight cancer)

Surgery is one of the common treatments for prostate cancer. Your doctor may remove the cancer using one of the following. Surgery is reseved for those patients in good health, with less than 70 years and who choose surgery as their best option.

Radical prostatectomy:

Is the removal of the prostate and some tissue around it. The doctor can perform surgery through an incision in the area between the scrotum and anus (perineum) using an operation known as perineal prostatectomy or through an incision in the lower abdomen using an operation known as
retropubic prostatectomy. Radical prostatectomy is performed only if the cancer has not spread outside the prostate. Usually, before carrying out the prostatectomy, the doctor will perform surgery to remove pelvic lymph nodes in order to determine the presence of cancer. This procedure is called lymph node dissection
pelvic lymph. If the lymph nodes contain cancer, the doctor usually no fee prostatectomy and may recommend other therapy. Men who have been treated with surgery may suffer from impotence and spillage of urine from the bladder.

Transurethral resection

Is the removal of prostate cancer using an instrument with a small wire loop on the end which is inserted into the prostate through the urethra. This operation is sometimes done to relieve symptoms caused by the tumor before further treatment or apply to men who can not support a radical prostatectomy due to age or other disease.

Some of the possible signs of prostate cancer include reduced urinary stream caliber and increased frequency of urination. These and other symptoms may be caused by prostate cancer or other conditions. We must see a doctor if you have any of the following problems:

* Decreased caliber or interrupted urinary stream.

* Increased frequency of urination (especially at night).

* Difficulty urinating.

* Pain or burning during urination.

* Blood in urine or semen.

* Aching pain in the back, hips or pelvis.

* Pain with ejaculation.

Some tests to examine the prostate and blood are used to help detect (find) and diagnose prostate cancer. You can use the following tests and procedures:

* Digital rectal exam: The doctor or nurse inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum and feels the prostate through the rectal wall for lumps or abnormal areas.

* Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA): A laboratory test that measures levels of PSA in a blood sample. PSA is a substance produced by the prostate that can be found in greater amounts in the blood of men who have prostate cancer. PSA levels also may be elevated in men who suffer an infection or inflammation of the prostate, or benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate but noncancerous).

* Transrectal ultrasound: A procedure used to examine the prostate. An instrument is inserted through the rectum and the waves of the prostate and sonidorebotan returned. These sound waves create echoes, which are used by a computer to create a picture called a sonogram. Transrectal ultrasound can also be used during a biopsy.

* Biopsy: The removal of cells, tissue or fluid which is then viewed under the microscope to look for signs of disease. There are two types of biopsy procedures that are used to diagnose prostate cancer.

* Transrectal biopsy needle is inserted through the rectum into the prostate and removes a sample of prostate tissue. This procedure is usually done using transrectal ultrasound to help guide the needle.

* Transperineal biopsy: A needle is inserted through the skin between the scrotum and rectum into the prostate and removes a sample of prostate tissue.

The presence of the above symptoms may lead a physician to suspect brain cancer. A CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the first examinations to be performed to properly diagnose a brain cancer, whatever the type. These specialized radiological examinations can detect many types of brain tumors and determine their location and size accurately. However, they do not determine whether the tumor is cancerous or not.

We must perform a biopsy to determine if the tumor is cancerous. For this, we take a sample of the tumor during surgery. If the tumor is too deep in the brain, surgeons can use a technique called stereotactic biopsy or establishment of the needle through three-dimensional approach. This technique uses an MRI to create a three dimensional image of the brain that are then used to guide a needle contained in a special case to the appropriate region of the brain. It sucks and is collected tumor cells in the needle for analysis. Once collected, we analyze the biopsy sample using microscopes and special chemicals to determine the type of tumor. It usually takes several days before obtaining the results of a type of tumor.

We may sometimes collect cells of brain tumors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a special fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. CSF samples are taken using a thin needle that is inserted in the lower back under local anesthesia, this procedure is called a lumbar puncture. We can do this procedure when too much pressure accumulates in the brain. Indeed, the pressure change resulting from the brain drain may cause aspiration of part of the brain tissue at the base of the skull, causing serious complications.

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Traditional Chinese medicine has existed for at least 2,500 years. It considers the human body as a system of energy flows. When these flows are balanced, the body is healthy. Practitioners take their patients’ pulses and examine their tongues to diagnose energy imbalances. In Chinese medicine, pulses can be taken at three points on each wrist and three deep at every position.

The disease is not defined by symptoms or by the name of a disease like “HIV.” Instead, a Chinese medicine practitioner will talk about energy imbalances. The language may sound very strange, like “yin deficiency” or “liver heat rising.” The Chinese words yin and yang refer to opposing energies that should be balanced, and “Qi” (pronounced as “chi”) can be roughly translated as energy or life force.

In traditional Chinese medicine there are many ways to control the balance of the body’s energy flows. The most common techniques used in the western world are exercise techniques such as Qigong or Tai Chi, acupuncture and herbalism. Many Chinese medical practitioners specializing in acupuncture or herbal. Very few use both methods.

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The disorder of sleep or insomnia can run havoc with your day programs. Drowsiness, fatigue, lack of concentration and irritation are the effects of insomnia.

Insomnia can have serious repercussions, including, making us feel miserable or dead or depressed or lowering our productivity and speed of thought or weakening the immune system, or making us more susceptible to viruses or cause accidents or absenteeism Vehicular.

Acute insomnia can last from one night to several weeks. Often caused by emotional or physical discomfort, it can bind to a specific single event.
Various causes of insomnia

Causes of acute insomnia may be:

*  Loss or change of work
*  Death of a loved one,
*  Lag, sickness,
*  Environmental factors like noise, light or extreme temperatures, jet delays and alternate day and night shift.

Insomnia becomes chronic when the condition without sleep lasts for more than 3 nights a week or a month or longer. The reasons for chronic insomnia can be many things. The most common cause of chronic insomnia are:

* Depression
* Chronic effort
* Pain or discomfort